@jayles: "There seems little point in tossing out words like "tax" and "term" (as in short-term,long-term)."

Well, I am with you about the word "tax" - that was a thought brought to the Germanics folks by the Romans, much like building houses and streets out of stone, wine-growing, and pepper. My least-loved of these is "tax." Although I wish it were called "tithe," and meant as such; giving one-tenth to any Body should be the utmost edge! :-)

Short-/Long-Term are okay Germanic-Latin words, but what about:

"Long-Term" >> unending, lasting, longstanding, abiding, long-time.

"Short-Term" >> stopgap, makeshift, short-time, fleeting.

@AnWulf:

On After 1066 Latin Words:

1. Right on!
2. What do you mean here?
3. I think this is a great one - if it was taken in by many Germanic tongues, then there must be something to it being borrowed.
4. This is most meaningful - English words taken out of the tongue should be brought back into the fold.
5. This is one that is tricky, and I think you've lost me on this one. Most, if not all, of the ink-horn words were founded by Englishmen!

The Ancrene Wisse is most enthralling. I'll have to give it a read. Thanks!

"Borrowings from about years 100-1066 (a small few after 1066) are mostly good with me."

After thinking it over a little more, borrowings that came in up through 1250-1300 are mostly alright with me. After 1300 though - yikes! Only a small few....borrowings were wantonly and thoughtlessly brought in beginning about then.

@AnWulf "Why is that so many times, huru those Teutonic words that come thru French, the forefast a- or in- is always given as Latin?"

You know why. Egg-headed word-lorists would rather think that the forefast is Latin; they might be heedlessly scorning the Teutonic sway. Why would the "upper-crust" take from the "lower-crust", right? ;-) The sheer thought of it - all to dreadfully awful!

Unless it can be shown to come from Latin/French first, the best answer is to say that the Latin and the Frankish meshed together or bore on each other. If one was speaking Frankish, they might think it was Germanic. If one was a Latin-French speaker, they might think it was Latin. With "array," this match up seems to already have been in Germanic, which Latin borrowed and gave to the French. It so happened that Latin had a(d)-, which meant the same as Germanic ā-, hence the addling.

Array < ME arrayen < Anglo-French arayer < O.Fr are(y)er < V.L. *ar-redare < Frankish ā "to, toward"+ *reida "readiness, group"< UrGmc.*uz- "to, toward" + UrGmc.*raidaz/-iz, “ready” (see OE ārǣdan "to make ready" [ā- + ræde])

@jayles:

1) "while that's all right between you and me it won't wash in the real world." > Warum?

2) " "boon" is from O Fr niet wahr?" > Nein. Old Norse. Ich schrieb den Ursprung des Wortes neben dem Wort.

++ E. BOON (n.) < ME boon/ bon(e)/ben(e) < Old Norse bόn "prayer, bid for help" (akin to OE bēn "prayer, bid for help"; see also Gmc. ban(nan) "to summon") < UrGmc. *boniz "prayer, bid/ask for help"

You are thinking of boon (adj.) "good" < O.Fr bon "good" (as in bon apétit) The meaning of the word "liabilities," it seems to me, is taken more broadly. There is a word for each of the things you wrote. Take "a foresight (provision) for a lessening in worth." That's a writedown (as you wrote) or a markdown. Each setting you talk about above is an "owing" or a lessening in worth of something. All of your byspells give up worth at sundered times, but they give up worth nonetheless.

4) "I'm afraid not all debits are outlays" > How so? All "debits" mean money owed to someone or some business, right? How can any holding of worth ("asset") be a 'debit'?

Oddly enough....

Germanic folks said PGmc.*wreitan (Funnily whence G. reißen) to talk about Germanic writing (namely scratching out runes) and PGmc.*skrīban(an) [< L. scrībere) to talk about the Roman way of writing - "to dig or make marks with a stick (aka L. stylus).

Another good old word from about that same time is E. seine (drag-net) < OE segne < West Germanic *sagina < L. sagēna < Grk. sagḗnē "fishing net."

Chapman is another < OE cēapman (OE cēap "buying"; see E. cheap) < West Germanic *kaup- < PGmc. *kaupoz- < likely borrowed from L. caupō "inn-/shopkeeper, tradesman; akin to Dutch koopman, German Kaufmann

What's more, we have E. Kaiser < Austro-Bavarian Kaiser < MHG/OHG Keiser (OE-W.Sax. Cāsere, ON Keisari) < L. Cæsar. This word is said to be the oldest, and maybe the first, borrowing from Latin.

To name a few... ;-) Those seem to be good and right borrowings to me.Borrowings from about years 100-1066 (a small few after 1066) are mostly good with me. These words gave new things, thoughts and understandings, not know to Germanic folks at the time, names. As I said before, the loans/borrowings, at that time, were taken in rather willingly and freely.

@jayles "collocations"

Yes, I get that. I only meant that the word itself is ink-horn, and not needed. I acknowledge that this is a great learning tool.

@jayles:

1) Indeed you are right. I am with you here. There are good words for 'asset' and 'item' in English, too, in almost all settings. In today's English, an 'asset' (< L. meaning "having enough to redeem money owed") is "anything that has worth" nowadays. How about E. boon (< ON bόn)? An 'item' (L. adv. meaning "also, moreover, likewise; n. the same") is now mainly said to mean any "thing." So, why not say "thing?"

2) Here again, overall, I am with you. There is no need, or want, to throw out all of the Anglo-Norman-French, if they fill a need or gap in the English wordstock. The thing is most of them did not. A 'debit' (< L. dēbitum "something owed") is an 'outlay' or an 'owing' in English. A bookkeeper (accountant) would book the outlay on the left-hand side of the ledger(-book). Credit (< L. crēditum) can be written in English with "loan," "trustworthiness," "to esteem," among others. A bookkeeper would book this income on the right-hand side of the ledger(-book).

3) Liabilities (Financial) = Monies (or Moneys) owed; Liable = law-bound; lay oneself open to. Good English words that might well stand in >> owing(s) or money/business burden(s)?

Seemingly Forgotten English Words

Dree /drē/, Dreich /driːx/, Dreigh/Dreegh - "to go through something burdensome or hurtful"; "to endure, suffer, put up with, undergo"; "long, extended, great”; "wearisome; tiresome, bleak, dreary"; "to be able to do, go on"

@jayles, @Anwulf > "There is a seld-seen noting of shill (or shil) … OE scylian (= ie) only in sc. of mâle - to pay off, discharge, Chronicles 1049. ['shill'] … She shilled the bill."

Eádwerd cing scylode ix scypa of mále and hí fóron mid scypon mid eallon anweg. [King Edward put nine ships out of commission, and they went away ships and all, Chr. 1049; Erl. 174, 38.]

scilian (it seems rarely scylian) < see ON skilja "to understand; to split; to set asunder" < PGmc *skilōnan, *skiljanan; see also OE *scile and ON skil "otherness, insight, understanding"

That said what about --> "She shelled out for lunch." [ 'to shell out' is a working-byword (verbal phrase)]

Good by me!