By the time is used with past simple. it really means (before the time) By the time the rescue ship arrived the island, more than 20 sailors had died. in this sentence By the time is used with the 2nd action, meaning ( more than 20 sailors died before the arrival of the rescue ship) we know that past perfect is 1st event and past simple is 2nd
“by the time”
By the time is used with past simple. it really means (before the time)
By the time the rescue ship arrived the island, more than 20 sailors had died.
in this sentence By the time is used with the 2nd action, meaning ( more than 20 sailors died before the arrival of the rescue ship)
we know that past perfect is 1st event and past simple is 2nd